Best FCA Regulated Brokers for Sudan Traders 2026
⭐ Quick Verdict — FCA Regulated Brokers in Sudan
Best Trading Hours for Sudan
Trading session times below are converted to local time for Sudan, based on standard global forex market hours.
London – New York Overlap
London Session
New York Session
Tokyo / Asian Session
For traders in Sudan, choosing a broker regulated by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) offers a layer of protection that local financial oversight cannot match. Sudan's own financial regulator, the Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS), does not directly oversee forex brokers—meaning every international broker you access from Khartoum, Omdurman, or Port Sudan operates under foreign rules. FCA regulation means your funds are held in segregated accounts, you have access to the UK's Financial Ombudsman Service, and brokers must adhere to strict capital adequacy requirements. This is especially critical given Sudan's volatile economy and the Sudanese pound (SDG) fluctuating against major currencies. Many Sudanese traders rely on mobile money platforms like MTN MoMo or Zain Cash to fund accounts, and FCA brokers typically accept these methods through third-party processors. The time zone difference (Sudan is 2 hours ahead of London during winter, 1 hour ahead during summer) also affects when you can reach customer support. FCA brokers often offer 24/5 support, but live chat may be slower during London's early morning (Sudan's late morning). With the top 11 FCA brokers listed here, you can compare minimum deposits—ranging from $0 (CMC Markets, ThinkMarkets, Crypto.com, XTB) to $100 (Eightcap, HYCM, Tickmill, FxPro)—and choose one that suits your capital and risk appetite.
Top 10 Brokers in Sudan
| Deposit Methods | credit cards, wire transfers, and e-payments |
| Withdrawal Methods | credit/debit cards, bank wire transfers, and e-wallets like Skrill and Neteller |
| Withdrawal Time | Card/e-wallet 24-48hrs after approval; Wire Transfer up to 7-10 business days |
| Withdrawal Fee | No fee from broker; banks/processors may charge |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
| Deposit Methods | credit/debit cards, bank wire transfers, and e-wallets like PayPal, Skrill, and Neteller |
| Withdrawal Methods | bank wire transfer, credit/debit cards, and e-wallets like PayPal, Skrill, and Neteller |
| Withdrawal Time | 24 hours to 5 business days if submitted before 07:00 AEST |
| Withdrawal Fee | $0 |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |

| Deposit Methods | bank transfers, credit/debit cards, and PayPal |
| Withdrawal Methods | bank wires, credit/debit cards (Visa and Mastercard), and PayPal |
| Withdrawal Time | 5 business days |
| Withdrawal Fee | No internal withdrawal fee |
| Islamic Account | ✗ Not available |
| Deposit Methods | credit/debit cards, bank wire transfers, and popular e-wallets |
| Withdrawal Methods | bank wire transfers, credit/debit cards, and popular e-wallets |
| Withdrawal Time | 30 minutes; bank transfer 1-3 days |
| Withdrawal Fee | No internal fee typically |
| Islamic Account | ✗ Not available |
| Deposit Methods | wire transfer, credit/debit cards, and e-wallets |
| Withdrawal Methods | Credit/Debit Cards, Bank Wire Transfers, and E-Wallets like Skrill and Neteller. |
| Withdrawal Time | E-wallets (Skrill / Neteller): Up to 24 hoursWire Transfer: 2 to 5 business daysCredit / Debit Card: 2 to 7 business days |
| Withdrawal Fee | No internal fee typically |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
| Deposit Methods | bank transfers, credit or debit cards, and supported e-wallets |
| Withdrawal Methods | bank wire, crypto USDT (via TRC20 and ERC20), Skrill, and Neteller |
| Withdrawal Time | Internal Processing: Within 24 hours on business days via the ThinkMarkets Client Portal.Credit/Debit Cards: Takes 2 to 7 business days to reflect in your account.Bank Wire Transfers: Takes 3 to 5 business days depending on your location and intermediary banks.E-Wallets (Skrill, Neteller): Usually processed within 24 hours or instantly once approved by the internal team. |
| Withdrawal Fee | No deposit fees; bank/processor fees may apply |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
| Deposit Methods | Bank Wire Transfers, Credit/Debit Cards (Visa, MasterCard), e-wallets (Skrill, Perfect Money, PayPal), and Cryptocurrencies (Tether/USDT, Bitcoin, Ethereum) |
| Withdrawal Methods | bank wire transfers, credit/debit cards, and electronic/crypto wallets |
| Withdrawal Time | 1 business day |
| Withdrawal Fee | Zero fees from FxPro |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
| Deposit Methods | Credit/Debit Cards, Bank Wires, and regional electronic payment systems |
| Withdrawal Methods | credit/debit cards, bank wire transfers, and digital wallets like Skrill and Neteller |
| Withdrawal Time | Internal Processing: FXCM reviews and processes requests in 1–2 business days.Credit or Debit Card: Arrives within 5 business days, though statements can take up to 1 billing cycle to update.Domestic Bank Wire: Arrives in 1–2 business days after processing.International Bank Wire: Arrives in 3–5 business days after processing. |
| Withdrawal Fee | credit/debit cards are free, while bank wire requests cost a $40 fee. |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
| Deposit Methods | credit/debit cards, e-wallets, and bank wire transfers |
| Withdrawal Methods | bank wires, credit/debit cards, and electronic or crypto wallets |
| Withdrawal Time | 24 hours |
| Withdrawal Fee | No deposit fees; withdrawal mostly free except Paysafe (1%, capped $30) and Skrill (1% + country fees) |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
| Deposit Methods | Bank Wire, Visa/Mastercard, Skrill, Neteller, PayTrust88 (region-specific local methods vary) |
| Withdrawal Methods | Bank Wire, Visa/Mastercard, Skrill, Neteller, PayTrust88 (region-specific local methods vary) |
| Withdrawal Time | Visa/Mastercard and e-wallets near-instant to 1-2 business days; bank wire several days |
| Withdrawal Fee | No fee from broker; small fee possible on bank wire |
| Islamic Account | ✓ Available |
How FCA Regulation Works for Sudan Traders
An FCA regulated broker is a financial firm authorised by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority to offer trading services. For a trader in Sudan, this means the broker must follow strict rules: client money is segregated from the broker's own funds, leverage is capped at 30:1 for major forex pairs (under ESMA rules), and negative balance protection is guaranteed. The FCA also requires brokers to undergo regular audits and maintain minimum capital reserves. This is a stark contrast to unregulated brokers that may operate in Sudan without any oversight. The FCA's register (accessible online) lists each broker's licence number and permissions—always verify a broker's FCA number before depositing. For Sudanese traders, the key benefit is that if the broker goes bankrupt, you are eligible for compensation up to £85,000 per person under the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS). However, note that this protection applies only to UK-based clients; check the broker's terms to see if Sudanese residents are covered. Most FCA brokers on this list—like CMC Markets, Eightcap, and ThinkMarkets—accept international clients, but some may restrict certain countries due to local regulations. Always confirm with the broker's compliance team before opening an account. The FCA also prohibits brokers from offering bonuses or promotions that encourage excessive trading—a safeguard for inexperienced traders in Sudan.
Why FCA Rules Protect Sudan Traders' Funds
For traders in Sudan, FCA regulation is not a luxury—it is a necessity. The Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) does not regulate forex brokers, leaving you exposed to scams and unlicensed entities. FCA oversight ensures that your money is held in segregated accounts with major UK banks, meaning even if the broker collapses, your funds are ring-fenced and not used to pay creditors. This is crucial given Sudan's fragile banking system and the difficulty of recovering funds from overseas. Additionally, FCA brokers must offer negative balance protection—so if the market moves against you, you cannot lose more than your deposited capital. For Sudanese traders using high leverage (common with smaller accounts), this prevents catastrophic losses. The FCA also mandates that brokers provide clear, fair pricing and disclose all fees upfront. When you trade from Sudan, you may face higher slippage due to internet latency, but FCA brokers are required to execute orders at the best available price and provide trade confirmation reports. Finally, the FCA's dispute resolution process gives you a formal channel if something goes wrong—something no local Sudanese authority offers. In a country where financial literacy is growing but infrastructure is limited, choosing an FCA broker is the safest path.
Spread vs Commission: Sudan's Cost Reality
When comparing FCA brokers for Sudan, the cost structure—spreads versus commissions—directly impacts your profitability. Spreads are the difference between the bid and ask price, quoted in pips; commissions are a flat fee per trade. Most FCA brokers offer two account types: standard accounts with wider spreads and no commission, or raw-spread accounts with tight spreads plus a commission. For Sudanese traders depositing small amounts (e.g., $50–$100), a standard account may be more predictable—you know the spread cost upfront, and there are no surprise fees. However, if you trade frequently (scalping or day trading), a raw-spread account with a broker like Eightcap (commission-based) could save you money, as tight spreads reduce the cost of entering and exiting positions. CMC Markets, ThinkMarkets, and XTB offer zero minimum deposit, making them ideal for testing strategies without upfront capital. But remember: spreads widen during volatile news events (US non-farm payrolls, Fed announcements) and outside London/New York session overlaps. Sudan's time zone (UTC+2) means you can trade the London open (9:00 AM London = 11:00 AM Sudan) and the US open (1:30 PM London = 3:30 PM Sudan) with tighter spreads. Avoid trading during Asian session when spreads are widest. Always check the broker's swap rates (overnight fees) if you hold positions beyond a day—some FCA brokers charge negative swaps on certain pairs.
Other Fees Compared
When trading with FCA-regulated brokers from Sudan, non-spread fees can significantly impact your bottom line, especially given the volatility of the Sudanese Pound (SDG). Here’s a breakdown of inactivity, withdrawal, and conversion fees across the top brokers listed on CompareBroker.io.
CMC Markets (Score: 4.2) charges no inactivity fee for the first 12 months, then £10 monthly. Withdrawals are free, but currency conversion from SDG to GBP may incur a 0.5% fee. Eightcap (Score: 4.1) has no inactivity fee, and withdrawals are free for bank transfers, but conversion fees apply if you fund in SDG. ThinkMarkets (Score: 4.1) charges $10 monthly after 6 months of inactivity, and withdrawals are free for the first monthly request. Vantage (Score: 3.8) charges $10 monthly after 3 months of inactivity, and withdrawal fees vary by method (e.g., $25 for wire transfers). Currency conversion is a key concern for Sudan traders, as most brokers operate in USD, EUR, or GBP.
Crypto.com (Score: 3.7) has no inactivity fee for spot trading, but derivatives may incur fees. Withdrawals are free for crypto, but fiat withdrawals may cost. FXTM (Score: 3.7) charges $5 monthly after 6 months of inactivity, and withdrawal fees are broker-specific (e.g., $30 for wire transfers). HYCM (Score: 3.6) imposes $10 monthly after 3 months of inactivity, and withdrawals are free for e-wallets but not wire transfers. FXCM (Score: 3.5) charges $50 quarterly after 12 months of inactivity, and withdrawal fees vary. XTB (Score: 3.5) has no inactivity fee, and withdrawals are free for the first monthly request. Tickmill (Score: 3.3) charges $5 monthly after 6 months, and withdrawal fees depend on method. FxPro (Score: 3.1) charges $15 monthly after 3 months, and withdrawal fees are typically waived for e-wallets.
Sudan-based traders should prioritize brokers with low conversion fees, as the SDG is not widely accepted, and you may need to convert to USD or EUR first, adding costs.
Payment Methods in Sudan
For traders in Sudan, funding your FCA-regulated broker account requires careful consideration of available payment rails. Sudan’s financial system is heavily cash-based, with limited international banking integration due to sanctions. Most brokers on CompareBroker.io accept bank wire transfers, credit/debit cards, and e-wallets like Skrill and Neteller, but local options are scarce.
CMC Markets (Min deposit: $0) accepts bank transfers, cards, and PayPal (where available). For Sudan, bank transfers are the most reliable but may take 3-5 business days and incur intermediary fees. Eightcap (Min deposit: $100) supports bank wires, cards, and e-wallets like Skrill. Sudan’s local bank transfers (e.g., Bank of Khartoum) can be used, but international wire fees are high. ThinkMarkets (Min deposit: $0) offers bank transfers, cards, and e-wallets; Sudan traders can use local banks but expect conversion fees. Vantage (Min deposit: $50) accepts bank wires, cards, and e-wallets; mobile money like MTN Mobile Money is not directly supported, but you can use third-party services.
Crypto.com (Min deposit: $0) is unique as it allows funding via cryptocurrency, which bypasses Sudan’s banking restrictions. You can deposit BTC or ETH, then convert to fiat within the platform. FXTM (Min deposit: $10) supports bank transfers, cards, and e-wallets; local bank transfers are possible but slow. HYCM (Min deposit: $100) accepts bank wires and cards; Sudan traders may face delays. FXCM (Min deposit: $50) offers bank transfers and e-wallets; Skrill is popular for Sudan users due to lower fees. XTB (Min deposit: $0) supports bank wires and e-wallets; local bank transfers are an option. Tickmill (Min deposit: $100) and FxPro (Min deposit: $100) both accept bank wires and e-wallets; wire transfers are recommended for larger amounts.
In Sudan, mobile wallets like Zain Cash or MTN Mobile Money are not directly integrated with these brokers, so traders often use third-party currency exchange services or crypto as a bridge. Always confirm with the broker’s support team if your local bank is supported.
Legal & Regulation
Trading forex and CFDs with FCA-regulated brokers from Sudan operates in a complex legal environment. Sudan’s financial markets are overseen by the Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS), which has strict controls on foreign currency transactions due to the country’s economic challenges. While there is no specific law banning individual retail trading with offshore brokers, the CBOS prohibits unauthorized capital outflows, meaning depositing funds with an international broker may technically violate exchange control regulations. Traders should be aware that the SDG is not freely convertible, and moving money abroad requires CBOS approval for amounts exceeding certain thresholds.
The FCA regulation of these brokers provides a layer of protection, as the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority enforces strict client money segregation and compensation schemes (up to £85,000 per person under the FSCS). However, this protection may not extend to Sudan residents if the broker’s terms exclude non-UK clients. For example, CMC Markets (FCA-regulated) and Eightcap (FCA-regulated) accept international clients, but you must verify that your account is held under the FCA entity, not an overseas branch.
Tax-wise, Sudan does not have a comprehensive capital gains tax on forex trading for individuals, but the government imposes a 15% withholding tax on certain financial transactions. This is not definitive tax advice; you should consult a local tax professional. Additionally, Sudan’s time zone (UTC+2) aligns well with London session opens (8:00 AM local time) and partially with New York (2:00 PM local), making it convenient for trading major pairs. Always ensure the broker’s terms of service explicitly allow clients from Sudan before depositing.
Scalping Strategy
Scalping—opening and closing trades within seconds or minutes—is viable with FCA brokers for Sudan traders, but requires careful broker selection. FCA regulation does not prohibit scalping, but some brokers may have minimum holding times or restrictions on high-frequency trading. Among the top 11, CMC Markets, Eightcap, and ThinkMarkets are known for fast execution and no scalping restrictions. For scalping, you need tight spreads and low commissions. A raw-spread account with Eightcap (from $100 minimum deposit) offers spreads as low as 0.0 pips on major pairs with a commission per lot. CMC Markets and ThinkMarkets (both $0 minimum deposit) offer variable spreads that can be tight during liquid hours. Avoid brokers with high minimum deposits like HYCM or FxPro ($100) if you have limited capital—scalping requires frequent trades, and costs add up. Key tips for Sudan: use a VPS (Virtual Private Server) to reduce latency from Khartoum to London servers (see VPS section). Trade during London-New York overlap (3:00–7:00 PM Sudan) for best liquidity. Set stop-losses tight—10 pips or less—to manage risk. Avoid trading during major news releases unless you have a strategy for spikes. FCA brokers offer negative balance protection, so scalping losses cannot exceed your deposit. Start with a demo account to test execution speed before going live.
Economic Calendar
For Sudan-based traders using FCA-regulated brokers, the economic calendar should focus on events that directly impact currency pairs you trade, especially USD/SDG and major crosses. Given Sudan’s reliance on imports and oil exports, key releases include US Non-Farm Payrolls (first Friday of each month) and Federal Reserve interest rate decisions, as these drive USD volatility. The Bank of England (BoE) rate announcements are also critical for GBP pairs, given the FCA connection of these brokers.
Sudan-specific events to watch include CBOS monetary policy statements (usually quarterly) and inflation data (released monthly by the Central Bureau of Statistics). However, these are less liquid for retail traders. The London session opens at 8:00 AM Sudan time (UTC+2), and the New York session overlaps from 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM, providing high liquidity. Key data from the UK, such as CPI and GDP, can affect GBP pairs, while Eurozone data (e.g., ECB decisions) impacts EUR pairs. Use the economic calendar on your broker’s platform to set alerts for these events, and avoid trading during major news spikes if you are risk-averse.
Mobile Trading
Mobile trading is essential for Sudan traders, given the widespread use of smartphones and intermittent internet connectivity. All FCA-regulated brokers on CompareBroker.io offer mobile apps for iOS and Android, but performance varies. CMC Markets (Score: 4.2) has a highly rated app with advanced charting and real-time quotes, optimized for low-bandwidth environments. Eightcap (Score: 4.1) offers a user-friendly app with MT4 and MT5 support, ideal for Sudan traders who rely on automated trading.
ThinkMarkets (Score: 4.1) provides a proprietary app with one-click trading and push notifications for economic events. Vantage (Score: 3.8) has a stable app but may require frequent updates. Crypto.com (Score: 3.7) offers a crypto-first app with built-in exchange and wallet, useful for Sudan traders using crypto as a funding bridge. FXTM (Score: 3.7) and HYCM (Score: 3.6) have apps that work on 3G/4G networks, but loading times may be slower on older devices. FXCM (Score: 3.5) and XTB (Score: 3.5) offer apps with multilingual support, including Arabic. Tickmill (Score: 3.3) and FxPro (Score: 3.1) have basic apps suitable for casual traders. For Sudan users, prioritize apps with offline mode or low-data consumption, as power outages and data costs are common.
Slippage Analysis
Slippage—the difference between the expected price of a trade and the price at which it is executed—is a real concern for traders in Sudan connecting to FCA brokers. Your internet connection from Khartoum or other cities may introduce latency, especially if using mobile data or satellite internet. FCA brokers are required to execute orders at the best available price, but slippage can occur during high volatility (e.g., news releases) or low liquidity (e.g., Asian session). Among the top 11, CMC Markets and Eightcap have strong execution reputations with minimal slippage on major pairs during London hours. ThinkMarkets offers 'Instant Execution' on some accounts, which reduces slippage but may requote. To minimise slippage: trade during London-New York overlap (3:00–7:00 PM Sudan), use limit orders instead of market orders when possible, and avoid trading 30 minutes before and after major economic events. FCA brokers typically have slippage protection policies—some guarantee zero slippage on certain order types, while others allow positive slippage (you get a better price). Check the broker's execution policy in their terms. For Sudanese traders, using a VPS (see next section) can cut latency by 50–100 milliseconds, significantly reducing slippage. Also, test the broker's platform with a small deposit first to gauge real-world execution.
VPS Trading
A Virtual Private Server (VPS) can be a game-changer for Sudanese traders using FCA-regulated brokers. If you run automated trading strategies (Expert Advisors) or scalping, a VPS hosted near the broker's London servers reduces latency from Sudan's often-unstable internet. Many FCA brokers offer free VPS hosting for clients with a minimum deposit or trading volume—for example, Eightcap and ThinkMarkets provide VPS for accounts with $2,000+ balance or 10+ lots per month. CMC Markets does not offer free VPS but supports third-party VPS services. For Sudanese traders, a VPS ensures your trades execute even if your local power or internet goes out—a common issue in Sudan. Recommended VPS providers include Amazon Web Services (London region) or Forex VPS specialists like Beeks. Costs range from $10–$30 per month. When choosing a VPS, look for low ping times (under 5ms) to the broker's server. This is especially important for scalping or news trading. Note that FCA regulation requires brokers to segregate client funds, so your VPS account is still protected. If you trade manually, a VPS is less critical, but it can still improve order execution speed.
Account Opening Process
Opening an account with FCA-regulated brokers from Sudan is straightforward, but you must verify that the broker accepts Sudanese residents. The process typically involves completing an online application, providing proof of identity (passport or national ID), and proof of address (utility bill or bank statement). Since Sudan is on some international watchlists, brokers may conduct enhanced due diligence, which could delay approval by 1-3 business days.
For CMC Markets (Min deposit: $0), you can open a demo account instantly, then a live account after verification. Eightcap (Min deposit: $100) requires a minimum deposit but offers fast verification via email. ThinkMarkets (Min deposit: $0) allows you to start with a demo and later fund via bank transfer. Vantage (Min deposit: $50) requires a copy of your passport and a recent utility bill. Crypto.com (Min deposit: $0) uses a fully digital KYC process, accepting Sudanese passports. FXTM (Min deposit: $10) and HYCM (Min deposit: $100) both require address verification; utility bills in Arabic may need translation. FXCM (Min deposit: $50) and XTB (Min deposit: $0) have Arabic-language support for the application form. Tickmill (Min deposit: $100) and FxPro (Min deposit: $100) require proof of funds for larger deposits. Ensure your documents are in English or Arabic, and use a stable internet connection to avoid upload errors.
How This Compares
When comparing FCA-regulated brokers to CySEC-regulated brokers (Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission), the choice for Sudan traders hinges on investor protection and cost. FCA brokers offer compensation up to £85,000 under the FSCS, while CySEC brokers provide only €20,000 under the ICF. For Sudanese traders with larger accounts, FCA is safer. However, CySEC brokers often have lower minimum deposits (e.g., $5–$10) and may accept more payment methods popular in Sudan, like mobile money. Among the top 11, FXTM (FCA and CySEC regulated) and HYCM (FCA and CySEC) offer dual regulation, giving you both protections. If you are a beginner with a small capital (under $500), a CySEC broker might be more accessible—but you sacrifice compensation limits. For long-term security, FCA is superior. Also, CySEC brokers are subject to ESMA rules (same leverage caps as FCA), so leverage is similar. Recommendation: If you can meet the $100 minimum deposit, choose an FCA broker like Eightcap or Tickmill for maximum protection. If you need $0 deposit, CMC Markets or ThinkMarkets are excellent FCA choices. Avoid unregulated brokers entirely—Sudan has no local oversight to recover funds.
Sudan traders searching for FCA-regulated brokers must be vigilant against scams, as the country’s limited financial oversight makes it a target for fraudulent schemes. Always verify a broker’s FCA registration on the UK Financial Conduct Authority’s register (register.fca.org.uk) before depositing. Scammers often clone legitimate FCA numbers or use similar-sounding names. For example, a fake broker might claim to be ‘CMC Markets Sudan’ but lack a valid FCA reference number.
Be wary of brokers promising guaranteed returns or bonuses that seem too good to be true — legitimate FCA firms like Eightcap (FCA registered) and ThinkMarkets (FCA registered) do not offer such incentives. Avoid brokers that pressure you to deposit quickly or request payment via cryptocurrency or wire transfer to unverified accounts. Sudan’s Central Bank does not regulate forex brokers, so you rely solely on the FCA’s protection, which may not cover disputes from Sudan. Check if the broker’s website displays a physical UK address and a valid FCA number (e.g., CMC Markets: 173730). Use CompareBroker.io’s verified data to cross-check scores and regulation. If a broker asks for your bank login details or ID photos without a secure portal, cease communication immediately. Always start with a demo account to test the platform before committing real funds.
Verified Broker Ratings — Trustpilot (Sudan — All 10 Brokers)
Frequently Asked Questions
Conclusion
For traders in Sudan, choosing an FCA-regulated broker in 2026 means accessing a level of investor protection that local financial institutions cannot match. The Central Bank of Sudan does not regulate forex brokers, so relying on the FCA’s strict standards is a smart move. Based on our comparison, CMC Markets stands out with its top score of 4.2/5 and zero minimum deposit, making it the best starting point for most Sudanese traders. If you prefer a low upfront cost, ThinkMarkets and Crypto.com also offer $0 deposits with solid FCA oversight. For those with a bit more capital, Eightcap and FXTM provide excellent value at $100 and $10 respectively. We recommend starting with a demo account to test the platform’s compatibility with Sudan’s internet speeds and time zone. Compare the features above, check the latest reviews on CompareBroker.io, and choose the broker that fits your trading style and budget. Your financial safety is paramount — stick with FCA regulation for peace of mind.